Ankle sprain

Ankle sprain / twist ankle / rolled ankle/ Ankle ligament injury

• Ankle sprain is a term used for ligament injuries of the ankle.
• An ankle sprain is an injury to the tough bands of tissue that surrounds & connects the bones of the leg to the foot.
• The injury typically happens when you accidentally twist or turn your ankle is awakened way.
• This can stretch or tear the ligaments that hold your ankle bones & joints together.
• Common in athletes, particularly common in basketball, volleyball, soccer player, ballet dancers.
• Mechanism of injury
• The MOI is usually inversion of the plantar flexed foot, which involves an isolated tear of Anterior talofibular ligament, followed by a combined tear of the anterior talofibular ligament & calcaneofibular ligament
• Also caused by forced trauma.
• Foot is placed in forced inversion & plantar flexion.
• Cause:-. Occurs when foot suddenly twist, a fall that causes your ankle twist, walking or exersing on uneven surface, wearing High heels.
• Grade of muscle strain
•  
• Grade 1). Mild stretch of muscle
• Grade 2) partial tear of muscle
• Grade 3). Complete tear of muscle
• Symptoms:–  Pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, restricted ROM, popping sound, instability of ankle, stiffness, skin discoloration, inability to put weight on affected ankle.
• Diagnosis:- Physical examination,. X-ray, MRI, ct scan, bone scan, ultrasound
• Special Test:-. Anterior drawer test, posterior drawer test, external rotation stress test
• D/D:-. Subtalar sprain, spring ligament injury, MCL ankle sprain, syndesmotic injury, Achilles tendon rupture
• Treatment :- Analgesic, NSAIDS
• Physiotherapy management:–  PRICE, Cryotherapy (ice, U.S, MFR, active ROM, strengthening exercise, pick up the object with toes, proprioceptive training, balance board exercise, stretching, mobilization) (gastronomeus, soleus, strengthening exercise, weight bearing exercise, heel raise, stairs steps, ecentric, concentric, isometric training, single leg standing, tape, brace, ) (therapeutic exercise, strengthening exercise, )